Mitochondria are also very dependent on glutathione because they are major producers of ROS, which, if it gets out of control because of glutathione shortfall, excessive ROS can also lead to mitochondrial damage and death
Liver and detoxification support Hepatic glutathione is essential for Phase II detoxification
4.1 Clinical relevance of the CLP model The CLP model was selected for its unique ability to recapitulate core clinical features of SAE: polymicrobial sepsis, hippocampal neurodegeneration, and chronic cognitive impairment ( 4.2 Microglia-mediated oxidative neuronal injury Microglial activation initiates neuronal damage, and a previous study revealed that the microglial inhibitor minocycline reduces neuronal apoptosis ( in vivo oxidative stress ( Mechanistically, a microglial inflammation-oxidative stress feedforward loop perpetuates injury: Activated microglia secrete neurotoxins, impairing neuronal mitochondrial function and antioxidant capacity (such as GPX4), thus increasing ROS leakage
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Table 1 summarizes the characteristic alterations in oral and gut microbiota under disease conditions, and Fig
